Cardiac Output
Ever wonder what those numbers really mean???
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5. CVP

CVP (Central Venous Pressure) measures right ventricular end diastolic pressure or right ventricular preload.
Normal: 2-6mmHg

Increase CVP

High Intravascular Volume
Renal Failure
Pulmonary Hypertension
Vasoconstriction/Vasopressors
Hypothermia
High PEEP due to increase in intrathoracic pressure

Decrease CVP

Hypovolemia
Pooling of blood in extremity or gut
Hyperthermia
3rd Spacing
Septic Shock
Arrhythmias

6. C.O.

C.O. (Cardiac Output) is the volume of blood that is ejected from the heart with each contraction per minute.
Normal: 4-8L/min


7. C.I.

C.I. (Cardiac Index) takes into account body size and cardiac output. It is a more precise measurement.
Normal: 2.5-4l/min/m2

Increase in C.I.

Hypoxia
Use of + Inotropes
Early Septic Shock
Renal Failure
Anemia

Decrease in C.I.

Hypovolemia
Cardiogenic Shock
Late Septic Shock
Hypoperfusion
Arrhythmias
Metabolic Acidosis (severe)

8. SV

SV (Stroke Volume) is the quantity of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction. Stroke volume looks at ventricular performance or ejection without heart rate influence.
Normal: 60-100ml/beat


9. SVI

SVI (Stroke Volume Index) is the quantity of blood ejected from the heart, indexed to take into account body size. It is a more precise measurement.
Normal: 33-47ml/beat/m2

Increase in SVI

Bradycardia
Use of + Inotropes
Decrease in Afterload

Decrease in SVI

Decrease in contractility
Acidosis
CHF
Hypoxemia
Hypercapnia
Increase in Afterload
Extreme Vasodilation
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias